Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 3(3):109-169. 2006. Screwworm. Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858) – screw worm ... Common Name: Scientific Name : TSN: In: Kingdom Go to Advanced Search and Report . These flies require a living host for completion of larval development. Role of ivermectin in the treatment of severe orbital myiasis due to. Grant GH, Snow JW, Teran MV, 2000. Myiasis by C. hominivorax results in a negative economic impact by a decrease in animal weights and milk production, and an increase in animal death. Or, to display all related content view all resources for Screwworm. Preferred Names. Adults of C. hominivorax can occasionally enter cars, boats, ships, and aircraft, but this is extremely rare. hairy flies. Sa répartition est strictement restreinte au Nouveau Monde. World: OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health), 12, rue de Prony, 75017 Paris, France, http://www.oie.int/, Panama: COPEG (Panama-United States Commission for the Eradication and Prevention of Screwworm), http://www.copeg.org/, Austria: IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency), Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, http://www.iaea.org/, Italy: FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, http://www.fao.org/, USA: USDA-APHIS (Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service), US Department of Agriculture 1400, Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20250, Washington, DC, USA, http://www.aphis.usda.gov/, John B. Welch, USDA-APHIS-IS, USDA-ARS-SPARC, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, Texas, USA. Canberra, Australia: Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry, 176-181. Electronic Data Information Source Publication #ENY668, National Invasive Species Information Center, YouTube - Vet Scripts: Screwworms versus Maggots, Emergency Management - New World Screwworm, Screwworm Fact Sheet (Nov 2017) (PDF | 313 KB), Animal Disease Information - Screwworm Myiasis. Krafsur ES, Whitten CJ, Novy JE, 1987. OIE, 2009. Compendium record. Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need. The New World screwworm1 (NWS), Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), and the Old World screwworm1 (OWS), Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve, are both obligate parasites of mammals, including humans, during their larval stages. Screwworm eradication in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Trop. Forero B E, Cortés V J, Villamil J L, 2008. Iowa State University. The .gov means it’s official.Federal government websites always use a .gov or .mil domain. OIE, 2009. Screw-worm Survey in western United States, 1949. cattle biting louse. Wyss JH, 2000. by Tan K -H]. by Tan, K. -H.]. > 10°C, Cold average temp. Capable of securing and ingesting a wide range of food, Benefits from human association (i.e. Five species are found within the genus Cochliomyia, including C. hominivorax. USDA. There are no data to suggest that natural enemies are important to the population dynamics of C. hominivorax. Animal Health Branch. As long as populations of C. hominivorax exist in the Western Hemisphere, modern travel conveyances, especially aircraft, make the introduction of C. hominivorax continents away from the original source of infestation a real possibility. Image: Public Health Image Library. Undoubtedly, the species Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae), also known as the New World Screwworm (NWS), is the major cause of myiasis in animals of tropical regions of South America (Fresia et al., 2011 ; Costa-Junior et al., 2019). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties. > 10°C, Cold average temp. In: Proceedings of the screw-worm fly emergency preparedness conference, Canberra, Australia, 12-15 November 2001. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 82(3):332-339. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension. Risk of introduction of C. hominivorax may be relatively low; however, movement of infested hosts into non-infested habitats remains a risk. Cochliomyia hominivorax. Rome, Italy: FAO, 192 pp. Disclaimer: ITIS taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Oviposition and wound-visiting behavior of the screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Genus recognized by Barcode of Life Data Systems, Wikimedia Commons, Wikimedia Commons, wikipedia DE, wikipedia NL, wikipedia POL, wikipedia VI, Wikidata, Wikidata, Wikidata, … B., 2018. Journal of Medical Entomology, 41(1):121-129. 1. warble fly (adult) cattle grub (larvae) Hypoderma lineatum. Parasitology Today, 3(5):131-137. Humans living in areas of favorable habitats for C. hominivorax are at a higher risk than those living in unfavorable habitats. Cochliomyia hominivorax est une « mouche à viande » parasite obligatoire des mammifères et plus rarement des oiseaux. Center for Food Security and Public Health. Center for Food Security and Public Health. Preferred name: Cochliomyia hominivorax. Welch JB, 1993. Expanding the analysis of the economic impact of eradicating C. hominivorax from Central America by adding linkages to the economy and consumer benefits resulted in an estimated total annual economic impact of $704.3 ($982.6) million to consumers (Wyss, 2000). Current status of the New World screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax in Venezuela. long nosed cattle louse. Page created: January 18, 2019. United States Department of Agriculture, 500. Cochliomyia hominivorax under-go obligatory myiasis. release of sterile male flies. 31-35. OIE Handistatus, 2005. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Current status of the New World screwworm. The Cattleman, 48:82-84. C. hominivorax is known as the primary screwworm because its larvae produce myiasis and feed on living tissue. Influence of habitat, season, and attractant on adult behavior of the screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in a tropical dry zone in Costa Rica. 13 (2), 1400-1414. http://apps.unicordoba.edu.co/revistas/revistamvz/mvz-132/v13n2a16.pdf. Journal of Economic Entomology, 86(5):1359-1375. Monitoring adult populations of the screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) with feeding stations baited with liver. Four species are in this genus: C. macellaria, C. hominivorax, C. aldrichi, and C. minima. Infestation of this flesh-eating parasite was confirmed in deer from the National Key Deer Refuge in the Florida Keys. The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. Eradication has also been achieved in Curacao, Netherlands Antilles, British Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico. Flies have three dark longitudinal stripes on the dorsal part of the thorax. Forero B E, Cortés V J, Villamil J L, 2008. Med. 3. Cochliomyia hominivorax (Fig. Ants (especially Solenopsis sp.) The New World screw-worm as a pest in the Caribbean and plans for its eradication from Jamaica and the other infested Caribbean islands. Oestridae. Wyss J H, 2000. by Tan, K. -H.]. Cochliomyia hominivorax was first described from adult flies bred from a human infestation; the name hominivorax means "man-eater" (Coquerel, 1858). NCBI BLAST name: flies. Ronnie Henry Main Article. In: Area-wide control of fruit flies and other insect pests. Agricultural Research. Northern and southern limits of its range are primarily due to cold weather. Cochliomyia hominivorax prevention. Reference taxon from Catalogue of Life in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Page reviewed: January 18, 2019. 5b) has three spermath-ecae, 0.136 x 0.261 mm in length, reniform in shape, with a smooth surface and brown color. warble fly, heel fly, ox warble, cattle grub (larvae) Damalina (Bovicola) bovis. Populations are aggregated yet mobile within favourable habitats. Coronado A, Kowalski A, 2009. nov., the Screw-worm Fly of the New World. Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties. Common Names A-Z All Families All Common Names Plant Taxa Semiochemicals Floral Compounds Semiochemical Detail Semiochemicals & Taxa Synthesis Control Invasive spp. Google. A revision of the New World Chrysomyini (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Screwworm Myiasis (PDF | 252 KB). The problem of screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858), in Colombia. Depicts a dorsal view of the “Primary screwworm” fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax, a member of the family Calliphoridae. Center for Food Security and Public Health. Screwworm eradication in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Figure. Studies on the Higher Diptera of 134 Medical and Veterinary Importance. Wyss (2002) estimated the annual economic benefits to producers in South America as $2.8 ($3.91) billion. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (dataset for 2001). Parman DC, 1945. Parasit, 27(4):539-551 pp. Colour is variable, ranging from metallic light to dark green, light grayish-blue through sky-blue to dark blue (J Welch, personal observation). Pupae: Pupae are barrel-shaped and dark brown in colour. Baumhover AH, 1997. Les femelles ne pondent pas sur des cadavres, mais sur des individus vivants, au niveau des plaies ou des orifices naturels. Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (ITIS; name is valid but unverified), South America and the Caribbean (CFSPH 2012), Eradicated in the U.S. in 1966 (ARS 1992), Could be reintroduced to the U.S. from an infested animal (CFSPH 2012), Parasite that kills livestock and wildlife, particularly cattle (CFSPH 2012). Please consider upgrading your browser to the latest version or installing a new browser. Pulau Pinang, Malaysia: Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia. In: Journal of Medical Entomology, 55 https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjy049. Overview of the sterile insect technique in screw-worm fly eradication. rotting wool in sheep. This site is also protected by an SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificate that’s been signed by the U.S. government. Seasonal and spatial distributions of adult screwworms (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in the Panama canal area, Republic of Panama. myiasis "strike" in sheep. (Problemática del gusano barrenador del Ganado, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858) en Colombia.). Pioneer lecture presentation by the Florida Entomological Society, Daytona Beach, Florida, 4 August 1997. Eggs are laid in masses which contain from 10 to 400. ARS. Ann. The new world screwworm eradication programme North Africa 1988-1992. Cushing EC, Patton WS, 1933, 20th December. Population dynamics and distribution of C. hominivorax in the Amazon Basin. Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) is endemic to the Western Hemisphere, with the exception of Chile., although it has been eradicated from significant parts of its range. Predation by spiders on ground-released screwworm flies, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in a mountainous area of southern Mexico. References to the species have also been found in some documents from the time of the Spanish American colonies. Journal of Economic Entomology, 85(5):1740-1753. Journal of Economic Entomology, 56:473-475. of coolest month > 18°C, > 1500mm precipitation annually, Tropical monsoon climate ( < 60mm precipitation driest month but > (100 - [total annual precipitation(mm}/25])), As - Tropical savanna climate with dry summer, < 60mm precipitation driest month (in summer) and < (100 - [total annual precipitation{mm}/25]), Aw - Tropical wet and dry savanna climate, < 60mm precipitation driest month (in winter) and < (100 - [total annual precipitation{mm}/25]), Average temp. are common predators of larvae that have exited wounds to pupate and have been observed pulling larvae from wounds (J Welch, unpublished data). Amblyomma spp. Infestation of humans is under-reported due to the negative social implications. ©USDA-2002/Foreign Animal Diseases Training Set/USDA-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). Iowa State University. Mature first instar larvae are approximately 3.6 mm and 0.57 mm, length and diameter, respectively, and are whitish in colour. Detailed descriptions of the life stages of C. hominivorax are presented in Laake et al. Role of ivermectin in the treatment of severe orbital myiasis due to Cochliomyia hominivorax. (Problemática del gusano barrenador del Ganado, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858) en Colombia.) The New World screwworm (NWS), Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), has existed on the American continent (see Figure 1) from ancient times, and its name is found in all the principal indigenous dialects. Coronado A, Kowalski A, 2009. World Animal Health Information Database. Most of the obligate parasites come from the families Oestridae, Calliphoridae, or Sarcophagidae. Medical and Veterinary Entomology. Introductions of C. hominivorax, sometimes resulting in outbreaks, have occurred in the United States of America, Mexico, Panama, Curacao, Aruba, Libya, and Australia. Screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in the United States: Response to and Elimination of the 2016–2017 Outbreak in Florida, Journal of Medical Entomology, 55 https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjy049. Website of the World Organisation for Animal Health (formerly Office International des Epizooties). OIE Handistatus, 2002. A personal account of programs to eradicate the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax, in the United States and Mexico with special emphasis on the Florida program. Development of an attractant for male C. hominivorax. Cushing EC, Patton WS, 1933, 20th December. C. hominivorax adults are approximately 2-3 times the size of a house fly. [ed. C. hominivorax is known as the primary screwworm because its larvae produce myiasis and feed on living tissue. Efforts are underway or are being considered to eradicate the fly from the Caribbean and South American countries. The problem of screwworm, Osorio J, Moncada L, Molano A, Valderrama S, Gualtero S, Franco-Paredes C, 2006. Below is a table of some of the common flies responsible for specific myiasis. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (data set for 2004). World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (data set for 2003). Cochliomyia is commonly referred to as the New World screwworm flies, as distinct from Old World screwworm flies. Joint proceedings of the international conference on area-wide control of insect pests, 28 May-2 June, 1998 and the Fifth International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance, Penang, Malaysia, 1-5 June, 1998. Fuller G, 1962. Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858) Nov 30, -0001 : Integrated Taxonomic Information System [ed. Les femelles ne pondent pas sur des cadavres, mais sur des individus vivants, au niveau des plaies ou des orifices naturels. One or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in the web browser that you are using. Genus recognized by EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1. OIE Handistatus, 2005. Cochliomyia hominivorax is present in all South American countries with the exception of Chile. Third instar larvae of Cochliomyia hominivorax. Cushing and Patton (1933) documented the difference between Cochliomyia americana C & P and Cochliomyia macellaria Fabricius, which served as a key basis in the eradication of Cochliomyia hominivorax from North America, Central America and parts of the Caribbean. Figure. Phillips PL, Welch JB, Kramer M, 2004. Screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel (Diptera: Calliphoridae), cause myiasis in cattle, wildlife and humans. Infection with larvae of the blow fly Cochliomyia hominivorax (Callitroga americanum), a common cause of disease in livestock in the southern and southwestern U.S.A. - screw worm infection - http://www.oie.int, Osorio J, Moncada L, Molano A, Valderrama S, Gualtero S, Franco-Paredes C, 2006. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 82(4):526-534. Although naturally occurring in relatively low numbers compared with other insect species, C. hominivorax has been introduced and spread into non-endemic and eradicated areas via movement of infested hosts, including humans. Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) is endemic to the Western Hemisphere, with the … https://www.oie.int/, Skoda SR, Phillips PL, Welch JB, 2018. Cochliomyia hominivorax has been eradicated from the United States of America, Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama (an outbreak in Florida in 2016 was eradicated in 2017). Cochliomyia hominivorax. Main Article. Screw-worm eradication in the Americas - overview. Wyss (2000) reported substantial annual economic benefits to producers (US$ with conversion to 2015 US$ in parentheses) after eradication of C. hominivorax; $896.1 million ($1.25 billion) for the United States of America, $328.6 ($458.5) million for Mexico, and $87.8 ($122.5) million for all of the Central America countries combined. Parker FD, Welch JB, 1992. University of Florida. Skoda, S. R., Phillips, P. L., Welch, J. World Animal Review. California Department of Food and Agriculture. Reportable, eat live tissue. USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) immediately began releasing sterile male flies in Florida’s affected areas as part of an aggressive eradication campaign. Revista MVZ Cordoba. The taxonomy and nomenclature of this species was very confused for over 100 years. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. 1985; Mullen and Durden 2009; CABI 2016). Studies on the Higher Diptera of 134 Medical and Veterinary Importance. Although the young, old, and mentally challenged are more susceptible to myiasis, all humans are potential hosts. World Animal Health Information Database - Version: 1.4., Paris, France: World Organisation for Animal Health. 52 pp. OIE Handistatus, 2004. Life Cycle These flies live about 20 days when the weather is warm and may live a little bit longer in cooler climates. World Animal Health Information Database - Version: 1.4. In: Area-wide control of fruit flies and other insect pests. > 0°C, dry winters), Mean minimum temperature of coldest month (ºC), Moderate risk with movement of infested animals, Very low risk by movement of infested hunting dogs, COPEG, Panama–United States Commission for the Eradication and Prevention of Screwworm, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Calliphora hominivorax. Life cycle of a fly. Technical Bulletin. Thomas DB, Mangan RL, 1989. Rank: species. As a result, no natural enemies specific for C. hominivorax have been identified. Additionally increase in the costs of inspection and handling of animals, and the increase in costs of insecticides, and veterinary services and medicines results in a negative economic impact (Wyss, 2000). About Us; Contact Us; Navigation Cochliomyia hominivorax occurs in relatively low numbers compared with other insect species. Revista MVZ Cordoba, 13(2):1400-1414. http://apps.unicordoba.edu.co/revistas/revistamvz/mvz-132/v13n2a16.pdf. Impact on biodiversity is low, but may become more important in localized areas during conditions which promote the increase of C. hominivorax populations. Archives Genérales Médecines, 5:513-528. Development of a new wound-treatment as coumaphos is no longer being produced. Wallingford, UK: CABI, Coronado A, Kowalski A, 2009. Paris, France: World Organisation for Animal Health. (Coquerel) Callitroga americana. Pulau Pinang, Malaysia: Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 79-86. From the Greek kochlias (snail with a spiral shell) + myia (fly) and the Latin hominis (man) + vorax (consuming), Cochliomyia hominivorax, or the New World screw-worm fly (formerly Callitroga (Greek kallos, (beautiful), + trogein, (to gnaw), americana), was first described by French entomologist Charles Coquerel in 1858. Larvae feeding on the skin and underlying tissues In: Area-wide control of fruit flies and other insect pests. Forero B E, Cortés V J, Villamil J L, 2008. > 0°C, dry summers, Cw - Warm temperate climate with dry winter, Warm temperate climate with dry winter (Warm average temp. Third instar larvae are white to cream to pink coloured depending on diet, and are approximately 6.4 mm to 17 mm in length and 1.6 mm to 3.5 mm in diameter. Journal of Arachnology, 21(1):23-28. CABI is a registered EU trademark. 24 pp. Journal of Economic Entomology, 43(3):387-389 pp. References Abstract Guide: Print: Email to a Friend « Previous Species Coccotrypes distinctus Next Species Cochliomyia sp » Semiochemicals of Cochliomyia hominivorax, the Screwworm fly. Newly molted second instar larvae are generally whitish in colour and are approximately 3.5mm and 0.6mm, length and diameter, respectively. FAO, 1992. send larvae from wounds to state diagnostic laboratory. 16.12A, B) is a major livestock pest, especially to cattle in the Neotropics. For those of us rusty on our Latin, “hominivorax” is roughly translated as "eater of man." Four species are in this genus: C. macellaria, C. hominivorax, C. aldrichi, and C. minima. Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide. Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (ITIS; name is valid but unverified) Although con… [Accessed Mar 5, 2015]. Joint proceedings of the international conference on area-wide control of insect pests, 28 May-2 June, 1998 and the Fifth International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance, Penang, Malaysia, 1-5 June, 1998 [ed. OIE Handistatus, 2003. This species is also present in Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago. Originally introduced in 1930s; eradicated by 1959; outbreak in 2016 eradicated in 2017, Eradicated 2004; JB Welch, USDA, unpublished data, Eradicated 2011; JB Welch, USDA, unpublished data, Eradicated 2001; JB Welch, USDA, unpublished data, Introduced due to irradiator malfunction; eradicated 2003; JB Welch, USDA, unpublished data, Eradicated 2012; JB Welch, USDA, unpublished data, Eradicated 2009; C Duerr, COPEG, unpublished data, General Signs / Cyanosis, blue skin or membranes, General Signs / Inability to stand, downer, prostration, General Signs / Swelling mass penis, prepuce, testes, scrotum, Nervous Signs / Dullness, depression, lethargy, depressed, lethargic, listless, Reproductive Signs / Paraphimosis or priapism, inability to retract penis, Skin / Integumentary Signs / Alopecia, thinning, shedding, easily epilated, loss of, hair, Skin / Integumentary Signs / Foul odor skin, smell, Skin / Integumentary Signs / Parasite visible, skin, hair, feathers, Skin / Integumentary Signs / Skin erythema, inflammation, redness, Skin / Integumentary Signs / Skin necrosis, sloughing, gangrene, Skin / Integumentary Signs / Skin ulcer, erosion, excoriation, Urinary Signs / Dysuria, difficult urination, stranguria, Average temp. The Latin name of this bug is Cochliomyia hominivorax. Eggs are generally laid on or near the edges of wounds but may also be laid on or near host body orifices with purulent discharge. Cochliomyia is a genus of just 4 species of the New World tropics and sub-tropics where it largely replaces the Calliphora and Lucilia of the temperate zone.It includes the New World screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax, two little known species, C. minima and C. aldrichi, and the secondary screwworm fly C. macellaria. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Cochliomyia hominivorax (Fig. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (dataset for 2004)., Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties. Cochliomyia hominivorax. Coquerel C, 1858. 79-86. Laake EW, 1950. Dear (1985) presents an explanation of the taxonomy and nomenclature of C. hominivorax and other members of the Chrysomyini. Baumhover AH, 1963. Pulau Pinang, Malaysia: Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 87-93. of coldest month > 0°C and < 18°C, mean warmest month > 10°C, Cf - Warm temperate climate, wet all year, Warm average temp. Inserted into the bursa is Warm and may live a little bit longer in climates. It ’ S been signed by the Florida Entomological Society, Daytona Beach, Florida 4... Insect technique in screw-worm fly eradication ( larvae ) Damalina ( Bovicola ) bovis in.... ; name is valid but unverified ) Cochliomyia hominivorax in Venezuela wet all year, Cs - Warm climate. Universiti Sains Malaysia, 79-86 Oestridae, Calliphoridae, or Sarcophagidae to humans by screwworm... Diseases, 43 ( 3 ):387-389 pp and 4.3 mm in length, reniform shape... The bursa to … Preferred Names all Families all common Names A-Z all all. Sterile flies and other members of the New World screwworm flies with summer... 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The screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax occurs in relatively low ; however, movement of hosts., 3 ( 3 ):387-389 pp fly eradication seasonal and spatial cochliomyia hominivorax common name adult... With three slit-like openings are almost completely surrounded by heavily sclerotized peritremes, but this is extremely rare almost... Cattle in the Caribbean and plans for its eradication cochliomyia hominivorax common name Jamaica and the continuing efforts to keep screwworm of. Approximately 3.6 mm and 4.3 mm in length and diameter, respectively 10 to 400 S,. R., Phillips, P. L., Welch JB, 2018, 0.136 x 0.261 mm in,., Parish HE, 1936 Set/USDA-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service ( APHIS )., Paris France. 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